Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a common condition that affects the tendons in the fingers and thumb. It causes pain, stiffness, and a locking or catching sensation when bending or straightening the affected finger. While it can be frustrating and sometimes debilitating, physiotherapy offers effective non-surgical treatment options to restore movement and reduce discomfort.

What Causes Trigger Finger?

Trigger finger occurs when the flexor tendons in the fingers or thumb become inflamed or irritated, making it difficult for them to glide smoothly through the tendon sheath. This inflammation can cause the tendon to thicken or develop nodules, leading to a catching or locking sensation when moving the finger.

Several factors can contribute to the development of trigger finger, including:

Repetitive hand movements or prolonged gripping (common in athletes, musicians, and manual laborers)
Medical conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or gout
Hormonal changes (often seen in postmenopausal women or during pregnancy)
Previous hand injuries or surgery

Common Symptoms of Trigger Finger

Symptoms of trigger finger can range from mild discomfort to severe functional impairment. They typically include:

Stiffness in the affected finger, especially in the morning
Pain or tenderness at the base of the finger or thumb
A popping or clicking sensation when moving the finger
The finger locking in a bent position and requiring manual straightening
In severe cases, complete immobility of the affected digit

How Physiotherapy Can Help

Physiotherapy is an effective non-surgical treatment option for trigger finger, focusing on reducing pain, restoring movement, and preventing recurrence. A tailored treatment plan may include:

1. Manual Therapy

Hands-on techniques such as soft tissue massage and joint mobilization can help reduce tension in the tendons and improve finger mobility.

2. Stretching and Range of Motion Exercises

Gentle stretches help lengthen the tendon, break down adhesions, and improve flexibility. Common exercises include:

Passive finger extension stretches
Tendon gliding exercises
Finger flexor stretches

3. Strengthening Exercises

Strengthening the hand muscles can improve overall function and reduce strain on the tendons. Grip-strengthening exercises and resistance training may be introduced gradually.

4. Splinting

A splint may be used to keep the affected finger in an extended position, allowing the tendon to rest and reducing inflammation.

5. Ultrasound Therapy and Heat Application

These modalities help to increase blood flow, promote healing, and reduce stiffness.

6. Activity Modification and Ergonomic Advice

Physiotherapists can provide guidance on reducing repetitive hand strain, adjusting workstations, and using proper grip techniques to prevent aggravation of symptoms.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you are experiencing persistent pain, stiffness, or locking of your finger, it’s important to seek professional assessment. Early intervention can prevent worsening symptoms and reduce the likelihood of requiring steroid injections or surgery.

Final Thoughts

Trigger finger can significantly impact daily activities, but with the right physiotherapy approach, many individuals can recover without the need for surgery. A combination of manual therapy, exercises, and activity modifications can help restore function and alleviate discomfort.

If you’re struggling with trigger finger, book an appointment with our physiotherapy clinic today to get started on your recovery journey!

Understanding Trigger Finger: Causes, Symptoms, and Physiotherapy Treatment